All of the links are found to be almost chloride-free with the main corrosion products being spertiniite, sphalerite, zincite, covellite and chalcocite. Measurement of the peak widths showed significant differences in the crystallite size and microstrain between the three samples. The brass composition has been determined for all three at least in the top 7 µm or so as Cu(73%)Zn(27%) from the lattice constant. complete cleaning and conservation, chemical corrosion inhibition and chloride removal only, and distilled water soaking only (to remove the chlorides). Their condition reflects very different treatment just after recovery, viz. The artefacts were brass links believed to be fragments of chainmail and were excavated from the seabed during 19. Laboratory XRD, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray excited optical luminescence–X-ray near-edge absorption structure were used as supporting techniques, and the combination revealed structural and compositional features of importance to both archaeology and conservation.
The XRD method adopted has a dynamic range ∼1:10 5 and allows reflections <0.002% of the height of major reflections in the pattern to be discerned above the background without smoothing. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measured on the XMaS beamline at the ESRF was used to characterize the alloy composition and crystalline surface corrosion of three copper alloy Tudor artefacts recovered from the undersea wreck of King Henry VIII’s warship the Mary Rose.
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